Ankara Changes Laws to Meet EU Standards
The Turkish government agreed on 348 new paragraphs to brings it 80-year-old penal code, which punished sheep theft harder than assault, up to European standard. Extending women's rights was especially controversial.
The Turkish government wants to implement the changes, which the opposition party said it will not challenge, quickly.
The reforms are Turkey's latest batch of legal adjustments, made to boost the country's chances for EU membership. In the past two years, Turkey passed laws that increased freedom of speech and reduced the role of the military.
"The old laws were focused on the state. They limited citizens' freedom to protect the state," Hakki Köyklü of the ruling Justice and Development Party said. "Now we're putting the people in the center."
That means torture in police stations and prisons will be punished with 12 years in jail. Sending children to beg in the streets will also receive harsher punishment, as will child abuse. Genocide, crimes against humanity and people trafficking will also make their first appearances in the Turkish penal code.
Women's rights improved
But it was sexual crimes that politicians devoted most of their attention to -- both in Ankara and in Brussels.
With pressure from the EU, women's rights groups were able to outlaw rape in marriages and get old-fashioned terms like "chastity," "honor" and "moral" out of criminal law books.
Forced virginity tests were struck from the books as have the sentence reductions for rapists who marry their victims and fathers who murder their "impure" daughters in so-called honor killings.
But one old moral custom managed to push its way back in to law. Justice Minister Cemil Cicek said there were "social reasons" for making adultery illegal again, after it was struck from the statute book eight years ago.
"This is really not progressive," said Sükrem Eroglu, member of Istanbul's bar association. "It's a fully behind-the-times mentality."
Though joined by a few women's groups, Eroglu didn't have much company in his criticism -- the public, for the most part, remained silent on the issue.
Jörg Pfuhl
© Qantara.de 2004